The Chicago Manual of Style provides two different citation systems. Writers in the humanities typically use a system that combines notes and a bibliography:
(N) Footnotes or Endnotes. The first line should be indented five spaces, with following lines in the entry flush with the left margin.
(B) Bibliography. The first line should begin flush with the left margin, with following lines indented three or four spaces.
Writers in the natural, physical, and social sciences often employ a system that links in-text author and date information with a reference list:
(IT) In-Text Author & Date Information. Parentheses should enclose in-text references. When page numbers are required, they should be separated by a comma.
(R) Reference List. The first line should begin flush with the left margin, with following lines in the entry indented three or four spaces.
The examples cited below illustrate common material formats in both systems. For additional examples or more information, please ask at the Reference Desk for The Chicago Manual of Style, 15th ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003 - or ask us for assistance. Citation examples also are available from The Chicago Manual of Style Online.
Book by a Single Author
Humanities System (Notes & Bibliography)
N:
1. James McMichael, Capacity (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux,
2006), 54.B:
McMichael, James. Capacity. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2006.Sciences System (In-Text Information & Reference List)
IT:
(McMichael 2006, 54)R:
McMichael, James. 2006. Capacity. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
Book by Two or Three Authors
Humanities System (Notes & Bibliography)
N:
22. Neil Gaiman and Terry Pratchett, Good Omens (New York: Ace,
1990), 35-37.B:
Gaiman, Neil, and Terry Pratchett. Good Omens. New York: Ace, 1990.Sciences System (In-Text Information & Reference List)
IT:
(Gaiman and Pratchett 1990, 35-37)R:
Gaiman, Neil, and Terry Pratchett. 1990. Good omens. New York: Ace.
Book by More Than Three Authors
Humanities System (Notes & Bibliography)
N:
8. Chris R. Calladine et al., Understanding DNA: The Molecule and
How It Works, 3rd ed. (Boston: Elsevier Academic Press, 2004), 203-208.B:
Calladine, Chris R., Horace R. Drew, Ben F. Luisi, and Andrew A. Travers.
Understanding DNA: The Molecule and How It Works. 3rd ed. Boston:
Elsevier Academic Press, 2004.Sciences System (In-Text Information & Reference List)
IT:
(Calladine et al. 2004, 203-208)R:
Calladine, Chris R., Horace R. Drew, Ben F. Luisi, and Andrew A. Travers.
2004. Understanding DNA: The molecule and how it works. 3rd ed.
Boston: Elsevier Academic Press.
Chapter in an Edited Book
Humanities System (Notes & Bibliography)
N:
3. Thomas A. Kochan, “Restoring Voice at Work and in Society,”
in America at Work: Choices and Challenges, edited by Edward E. Lawler III
and James O’Toole (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006), 47-49.B:
Kochan, Thomas A. “Restoring Voice at Work and in Society.” In America
at Work: Choices and Challenges, edited by Edward E. Lawler III and
James O’Toole, 37-52. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006.Sciences System (In-Text Information & Reference List)
IT:
(Kochan 2006, 47-49)R:
Kochan, Thomas A. 2006. Restoring voice at work and in society. In America
at work: Choices and challenges, edited by Edward E. Lawler III and
James O’Toole, 37-52. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Article in a Print Journal
Humanities System (Notes & Bibliography)
N:
17. Maurice Crosland, “A Science Empire in Napoleonic France,” History
of Science 44, no. 143 (2006): 35.B:
Crosland, Maurice. “A Science Empire in Napoleonic France.” History of Science
44, no. 143 (2006): 29-48.Sciences System (In-Text Information & Reference List)
IT:
(Crosland 2006, 35)R:
Crosland, Maurice. 2006. A science empire in Napoleonic France. History of
Science 44, no. 143: 29-48.
Article in an Online Journal
Humanities System (Notes & Bibliography)
N:
5. Noel J. Lindsay, “Toward a Cultural Model of Indigenous Entrepreneurial
Attitude,” Academy of Marketing Science Review 2005, no. 5 (2005): 4,
http://www.amsreview.org/articles/lindsay05-2005.pdf (accessed October 16, 2006).B:
Lindsay, Noel J. “Toward a Cultural Model of Indigenous Entrepreneurial
Attitude.” Academy of Marketing Science Review 2005, no. 5 (2005):
1-15. http://www.amsreview.org/articles/lindsay05-2005.pdf (accessed
October 16, 2006).Sciences System (In-Text Information & Reference List)
IT:
(Lindsay 2005, 4)R:
Lindsay, Noel J. 2005. Toward a cultural model of indigenous entrepreneurial
attitude. Academy of Marketing Science Review 2005, no. 5: 1-15.
http://www.amsreview.org/articles/lindsay05-2005.pdf (accessed
October 16, 2006).
Website
Humanities System (Notes & Bibliography)
N:
9. North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources, “Arts Directory,”
North Carolina Arts Council, http://www.ncarts.org/arts_directory.cfm?menu_sel=2
(accessed November 30, 2006).B:
North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources. “Arts Directory.” North
Carolina Arts Council. http://www.ncarts.org/arts_directory.cfm?menu_sel=2
(accessed November 30, 2006).Sciences System (In-Text Information & Reference List)
IT:
(North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources)R:
North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources. Arts directory. North Carolina
Arts Council. http://www.ncarts.org/arts_directory.cfm?menu_sel=2
(accessed November 30, 2006).
Page author: John Burton-Crutchfield
