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CRS 530: Economics of the Textile & Retail Complex

1. Trade data: HS, USITC, OTEXA
2. Industry codes: NAICS
3. Employment
4. Textile & apparel industries
5. Consumer spending
6. APA citation style

CARS Librarian: Steve Cramer
smcramer@uncg.edu
336-256-0346
AIM & Google Talk: stevebizlib
Text me: send a message to 265010 & start the message with stevebizlib.

1. Trade data: HS, USITC, OTEXA

Introduction

• In trade data, numbering codes are used to identify commodities (i.e. products or raw materials).
  • These "commodity codes" are hierarchal -- the longer the number, the more specific the commodity.
  • A short commodity code, on the other hand, indicates a broad category of commodities.
  • See below for examples of such hierarchies.
• Aggregated data means using a short (ex. 2- or 4-digit) commodity number, in which many commodities are lumped together.
  • For example, if you need import data for "apparel," you would be looking for aggregated data.
• Disaggregated data involves using a long commodity number, in which a very specific commodity is specified.
  • To research "cotton men's or boys' shirts, knitted," for example, you would be looking for disaggregated data.
• It's helpful to determine the commodity code(s) you need before searching a trade database. Otherwise, you may waste a lot of time figuring out what to search for.
• SITC and HS are two commonly-used commodity codes.
  • SIC and NAICS, codes for industries, can also used for trade data.
• Commodity codes are updated periodically. You may see the revision number or year next to the code abbreviation, as in "SITC (rev 3)".

OTEXA

• OTEXA: Office of Textiles & Apparel, International Trade Administration, Dept. of Commerce.
• Provides preformated tables of import data ("Major Shippers Report").
  • Uses its own "Textile Import Category System", a coding system that groups harmonized codes together into recognizable product groups like "blue denim fabric" and "skirts."
• Also provides export tables.

Harmonized System (HS)

HS Export Codes ("Schedule B"): browse, search, or download codes
HS Import Codes: the chapters in PDF format

Also called Harmonized Tariff Code (HTC), this coding system is used by the U.S. Government to classify U.S. imports and exports. These codes can be up to 10 digits long. Exports codes (called Schedule B) are administered by the U.S. Census Bureau. Import codes are administered by the U.S. International Trade Commission (USITC). Some GATT member nations also use this system. Here is an example of a hierarchy from HS:

61 Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, knitted or crocheted
6103 Men's or boys' suits, ensembles, suit-type jackets....knitted or crocheted
6103.19 Of other textile materials
6103.19.20 Of cotton
6103.19.20.10 Jackets imported as parts of suits

US Trade Sources

USITC Trade DataWeb (US International Trade Commission)

• A web-based database that requires free registration.
• Covers 1989 to two months ago.
• Commodity codes used: HS, SITC, SIC, or NAICS, at any level of aggregation.
• Data can be downloaded into Excel.
• Covers U.S. imports and exports, at all levels of commodity classification.

 Trade Data Online (TDO)

• A free, web-based database from Industry Cananda covering U.S. data (as well as Canadian).
• Covers the most recent 10 years, up to a few months ago.
• Uses up to 6-digit HS.
• Data can be downloaded into Excel.
• This site lets you to create customized reports on Canadian and US imports and exports with over 200 countries.
• Data can be presented as a graph ("run graph"), chart ("run report"), or spreadsheet ("save data to file" -- look for this icon under the graph or chart).
• To get 2-5 level HS codes, use the "browse list" option for the Product Search.

World Trade Sources

Comtrade

• Web-based UNCG database from the UN.
• Covers 1962-one year ago
• Uses up to 5-digit SITC codes and 6-digit harmonized codes.
• Data can be downloaded into Excel.
• For an illustrated guide to one way of searching Comtrade, see the MKT426 library guide.
• PC-TAS is the CD-ROM version of this database (see below).

Trade Data Guide

Trade Tariffs, Duty Rates, & Barriers

2. Industry codes: North American Industrial Classification System:

What is is:

• NAICS official homepage
• Pronounced "nakes," NAICS codes are numbers that classify industries (i.e. business activities, like types of manufacturing and services).
• NAICS codes are hierarchical -- the longer the number, the more detailed the industry. NAICS codes are up to six digits long.
• NAICS is the modern version of the old SIC structure.
• NAICS is more detailed than SIC, does a much better job of covering service and technology industries, and covers all three NAFTA economies.

Examples of NAICS codes:

31 Manufacturing
315 Apparel Manufacturing
3152 Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing
31523 Womens and Girls' Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing
315233 Womens and Girls' Cut and Sew Dress Manufacturing

So what? Well, NAICS make it easy to:

• Find competitors and customers;
• Find industry reports (ex. IBIS);
• Benchmark finances (ex. financial ratios and the Economic Census);
• Analyze trade data, employment trends, etc.

Finding an industry' NAICS number (search for the industry name):

• NAICS Search & Browse (Census)
• NAICS Manual (Reference HF1042 .A55 2007)

3. Employment

Statistics

Annual Survey of Manufactures

• From the Census.
• Provides employment, wages, production, cost, shipment values, capital expenditures, and inventory data by NAICS code (313, 314, and 315 for textiles).
• There's also a state-level version.

County Business Patterns (also provides U.S. & state-level data)

• From the Census.
• Includes employment and number of business establishments by NAICS code (313, 314, and 315 for textiles).

Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor

• Look for the employment section on the upper left.
• The BLS doesn't use NAICS codes to classify employment by occupation, so see what other industry categories are available. (Example)

Manufacturing & Distribution USA 2009 (5th edition)

• Provides statistics on 614 industries, listed by NAICS codes.
• The statistics include the number of establishments, employment, wages, production, selected ratios, leading companies, materials consumed, product share, and industry data by state.
• The various indexes are in the third volume.

Companies

ReferenceUSA

• Provides descriptions of 14 million U.S. companies and establishments.
• Complex searches, based on any combination of 27 values, are possible. 
• Search results can be downloaded.
• More info

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4. Textile & apparel industry

OTEXA: U.S. Import/Production Report for Textiles and Apparel

• full name: "U.S. Imports, Production, Markets, Import Production Ratios and Domestic Market Shares for Textile and Apparel Product Categories"
• Published quarterly.

Annual Survey of Manufactures

• From the Census.
• Provides employment, wages, production, cost, shipment values, capital expenditures, and inventory data by NAICS code (313, 314, and 315 cover textiles and apparel).
• There's also a state-level version.

Current Industrial Reports, U.S. Census

• Provides current and historical data on production and exports.
• Covers textile mills, textile product mills, and apparel manufacturing.

Manufacturing & Distribution USA 2009 (5th edition)

• Provides statistics on 614 industries, listed by NAICS codes.
• The statistics include the number of establishments, employment, wages, production, selected ratios, leading companies, materials consumed, product share, and industry data by state.
• The various indexes are in the third volume. Look for textile and apparel manufacturing in volume one (NAICS 313-315) and apparel stores in volume three (NAICS 448).

Economic Census Data (2007)

Conducted every five years (years ending in -2 and -7), the Economic Census provides more detailed geographical breakdowns and more detailed data, including:

• number of establishments
• number of employees
• payroll
• production & value added
• total sales
• product-level production in each NAICS code

2007 Economic Census

• Data from 2007 is slowly being released.
• Summary data on U.S. retailing is now available.
• More detailed data is coming...

 

5. Consumer spending

U.S. data

Consumer Expenditure Survey

• The source for most U.S. consumer spending data.
• The Survey collects data on the "buying habits of American consumers, including data on their expenditures, income, and consumer unit (families and single consumers) characteristics."
• The tables on the homepage provide the most detailed data from the CES site.
• Statistical Warehouse also covers this info, but adds ranking and downloading options.

Household Spending: Who Spends How Much on What
Reference HC110.C6 A670 2008

• A more detailed source for U.S. spending data.
• The data is organized by age, income, household type, race and Hispanic origin, and region.
• Covers apparel, entertainment, financial products and services, food and alcohol, gifts, health care, household operations, shelter and utilities, personal care, reading, education, and tobacco, and transportation.

SimplyMap (10 concurrent users)

• Provides detailed U.S. spending data for 550 products and services.
• Data can be displayed for census block-groups, census tracts, zip codes, cities, counties, states, and the entire United States.
• Covers the near-present as well as 5-year projection.
• Data can be displayed as a map or table, and downloaded as an image or spreadsheet.
• More info

DemographicsNow

• Covers U.S. population, age, race and ethnicity, income, housing, employment characteristics, and consumer expeditures.
• Provides data for census block-groups, census tracts, zip codes, cities, urban areas, counties, and states, as well as custom radiuses defined by the user.
• Areas can be compared and ranked.
• Provide tables, graphs, pie charts, and maps, which can be can be downloaded into Excel, Word, or Adobe Acrobat Reader.
• More info

International data

Euromonitor Global Market Information Database

• Provides full text market research reports and consumer spending statistics for many countries.
• Includes a graphing feature.

6. APA Citation Style

Citing Business Databases in APA Style

• Most of these suggestions are my interpretations of APA standards.
• But the examples for article databases like Business Source Premier are straight-forward.

Guide to APA Reference Lists

• The library's general guide.

Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 5th ed., 2001
APA Style Guide to Electronic References, 2007

• Available from the library's Reference Desk